Which test can be used for patellar dislocation?

• A. Lachman test
• B. Valgus stress test
• C. Patellar apprehension test
• D. McMurray test

Answer: (C)

The key idea is recognizing patellar instability by directly provoking the kneecap and watching for a protective or fearful reaction. The patellar apprehension test checks this by having the knee extended and gently guiding the patella laterally. If the patient becomes apprehensive, looks like the patella might dislocate, or actively pulls the leg away to avoid movement, that positive response indicates patellar instability. This test is specific for whether the patella tends to dislocate laterally.

Other tests assess different knee structures and don’t directly measure patellar instability. The Lachman test targets the ACL, the valgus stress test evaluates medial knee stability (MCL and related structures), and the McMurray test looks for meniscal tears.